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GNU/Linux x86 hosted Cross Compiler for OS X 10.4 and later
-----------------------------------------------------------

readme.txt - this file
odcctools-20090808.tar.bz2 - odcctools 20090808 source
gcc-5247.tar.gz - Apple gcc-5247 source
odcctools-20090808-gcc-5247-bin.tar.bz2 - odcctools and gcc-5247 binaries
Makefile - Makefile for building the binaries
ChangeLog - ChangeLog

2009-12-01: updated odcctools to 20090808, which supports versions of OS X for
i386 above 10.4. No 64-bit support.

odcctools-20090808-gcc-5247-bin.tar.bz2 contains binaries for a GNU/Linux to
OS X cross tool chain. Below are notes on installing and using the binaries,
building them from source and notes on how to build other versions of gcc.

odcctools Sources
-----------------

Project page:
http://docs.huihoo.com/darwin/opendarwin/projects/odcctools/

odcctools-20090808 release tarball:
http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2009-08/msg00142.html

gcc Sources
-----------

Project page:
http://gcc.gnu.org/

Apple gcc-5247 release tarball:
http://www.opensource.apple.com/tarballs/gcc/gcc-5247.tar.gz

Good News, Bad News
-------------------

For the target system's headers and libs you can use OSX 10.4 SDK available
from Apple.

That's the good news. The bad news is that Macs have a few other tools under
/Developer/Tools that aren't included here such as SetFile and Rez. This might
be a problem building some projects, though many projects either don't need
them or can be modified to build without them.

Get the SDK
-----------

- Go to https://connect.apple.com
- Join up if you're not a member
- Log in
- Go to 'Downloads'
- Click 'Mac OS X' from the 'Downloads' sidebar
- Download "Xcode Tools 2.2.1 (Disk Image)"

If you open the disk image on a Mac the file you want will appear at:
/Volumes/Xcode Tools/Packages/MacOSX10.4.Universal.pkg/Contents/Archive.pax.gz

If you don't have a Mac:
$ dmg2img xcode_2.2.1_8g1165_018213632.dmg
# mount -t hfsplus -o ro,loop xcode_2.2.1_8g1165_018213632.img /mnt

then the file is:
/mnt/Packages/MacOSX10.4.Universal.pkg/Contents/Archive.pax.gz

Install the Binaries
--------------------

Untar odcctools-20090808-gcc-5247-bin.tar.bz2 in /, it'll create /opt/mac (or
untar it elsewhere and move it). You have to rebuild it from the sources to
install to a different prefix unfortunately. Then move the
Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk directory that was in the SDK Archive.pax.gz to
/opt/mac/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk.

Using the Binaries
------------------

There are two copies of each tool:

$ ls /opt/mac/bin/
i686-apple-darwin8-ar powerpc-apple-darwin8-ar
i686-apple-darwin8-as powerpc-apple-darwin8-as
i686-apple-darwin8-checksyms powerpc-apple-darwin8-checksyms
i686-apple-darwin8-cpp powerpc-apple-darwin8-cpp
i686-apple-darwin8-g++ powerpc-apple-darwin8-g++
i686-apple-darwin8-g++-4.0.1 powerpc-apple-darwin8-g++-4.0.1
i686-apple-darwin8-gcc powerpc-apple-darwin8-gcc
i686-apple-darwin8-gcc-4.0.1 powerpc-apple-darwin8-gcc-4.0.1
i686-apple-darwin8-gccbug powerpc-apple-darwin8-gccbug
i686-apple-darwin8-gcov powerpc-apple-darwin8-gcov
i686-apple-darwin8-indr powerpc-apple-darwin8-indr
i686-apple-darwin8-install_name_tool powerpc-apple-darwin8-install_name_tool
i686-apple-darwin8-ld powerpc-apple-darwin8-ld
i686-apple-darwin8-ld_classic powerpc-apple-darwin8-ld_classic
i686-apple-darwin8-libtool powerpc-apple-darwin8-libtool
i686-apple-darwin8-lipo powerpc-apple-darwin8-lipo
i686-apple-darwin8-nm powerpc-apple-darwin8-nm
i686-apple-darwin8-nmedit powerpc-apple-darwin8-nmedit
i686-apple-darwin8-otool powerpc-apple-darwin8-otool
i686-apple-darwin8-pagestuff powerpc-apple-darwin8-pagestuff
i686-apple-darwin8-ranlib powerpc-apple-darwin8-ranlib
i686-apple-darwin8-redo_prebinding powerpc-apple-darwin8-redo_prebinding
i686-apple-darwin8-seg_addr_table powerpc-apple-darwin8-seg_addr_table
i686-apple-darwin8-segedit powerpc-apple-darwin8-segedit
i686-apple-darwin8-seg_hack powerpc-apple-darwin8-seg_hack
i686-apple-darwin8-size powerpc-apple-darwin8-size
i686-apple-darwin8-strings powerpc-apple-darwin8-strings
i686-apple-darwin8-strip powerpc-apple-darwin8-strip

Each works with both the supported targets, Intel and PowerPC, using the
options -arch i686 and/or -arch ppc (fat binaries work OK). The only
difference between the two versions of each tool is the default target.

Examples:

$ PATH=$PATH:/opt/mac/bin
$ powerpc-apple-darwin8-g++ -o hello hello.cpp
$ file hello
hello: Mach-O executable ppc
$ i686-apple-darwin8-g++ -o hello hello.cpp
$ file hello
hello: Mach-O executable i386
$ powerpc-apple-darwin8-g++ -arch i386 -o hello hello.cpp
$ file hello
hello: Mach-O executable i386
$ powerpc-apple-darwin8-g++ -arch i386 -arch ppc -o hello hello.cpp
$ file hello
hello: Mach-O fat file with 2 architectures

Example of configuring and building something:

$ ./configure --host=i686-apple-darwin8
$ make

You can also install other SDKs, and compile against them using the
'-isysroot' option, e.g.:

$ powerpc-apple-darwin8-g++ \
-isysroot /opt/mac/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk -o hello hello.cpp

Here is an example of how you might configure a project to use another SDK:

$ ./configure --host=powerpc-apple-darwin8 \
CC="powerpc-apple-darwin8-gcc -isysroot /opt/mac/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk" \
CXX="powerpc-apple-darwin8-g++ -isysroot /opt/mac/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk"

Rebuilding the Binaries with the Makefile
-----------------------------------------

Put the Makefile and tarballs gcc-5247.tar.gz, odcctools-20090808.tar.bz2 and
Archive.pax.gz (from the SDK, see "Get the SDK" above) in a temporary
directory. Then, for example, to build and install everything in one go:

# mkdir /opt/mac
# chown myuser:mygroup /opt/mac
$ make install

If you want to separate the build from the install, for example if you want to
build as a normal user and install as root, then you need to do five steps:

# make install-sdk
$ make odcctools
# make install-odcctools
$ make gcc
# make install-gcc

The default is to install to /opt/mac, if you want to use a different prefix
then add 'PREFIX='.

Another useful override is TARGETS, which lists target architectures to build
compilers for. The default is:
TARGETS="i686-apple-darwin8 powerpc-apple-darwin8".

For example to only build the Intel compiler and install it to /usr/local, the
last two steps would be:

$ make gcc PREFIX=/usr/local TARGETS=i686-apple-darwin8
# make install-gcc PREFIX=/usr/local TARGETS=i686-apple-darwin8

Note that when the "-arch ppc" option is used with the i686 compiler (or vice
versa) it works by invoking the other compiler, so you need to build both
powerpc and i686 compilers to support both targets.

Manually Building odcctools from Source
---------------------------------------

Install the SDK (see "Get the SDK" above), e.g.:

prefix=/opt/mac
gunzip -c Archive.pax.gz | pax -r
mkdir -p $prefix/SDKs
mv Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk $prefix/SDKs

Build and install odcctools, e.g.:

prefix=/opt/mac
target=powerpc-apple-darwin8
tar xjf odcctools-20090808.tar.bz2
cd odcctools-20090808
./configure --target=$target --prefix=$prefix \
--with-sysroot=$prefix/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk
make
make install

$prefix is where you want to install the compiler on your GNU/Linux box and
$target is either powerpc-apple-darwin8 or i686-apple-darwin8 for PowerPC or
Intel Macs.

Note that not all releases of odcctools will compile on GNU/Linux, and those
that do may not compile on all architectures.

Manually Building gcc from Source
---------------------------------

For gcc you can build either from original FSF gcc sources or from Apple's
modified sources.

The Apple versions generally include some things that the equivalent FSF
versions do not. The Apple specific command line options for example, and they
will include code that had not been integrated upstream at the time of the
release. The Apple sources aren't usually straight forward to build, but they
should include a script 'build_gcc' which you can examine to see how Apple
themselves did it.

Recent FSF gcc sources, on the other hand, should be straight forward to
build, so it makes sense to use those unless you have a particular reason for
wanting the Apple ones.

Programs compiled with gcc will by default depend on some support libs such as
libgcc*.dylib, libstdc++*.dylib or libobjc*.dylib. However for most
applications it should be possible to depend on the system libs already
installed on the target Macs and you will not have to ship these libraries
with your application.

A big advantage of using the system libraries is that when building your
applications you will be able to link to other third party and system libs
that will have been built against the system versions of libgcc, libstdc++ and
libobjc.

For libgcc the default is to link against libgcc_s_10.4.dylib which is a stub
for the version of libgcc_s.1.dylib installed on OSX 10.4, meaning that your
applications will use the system libgcc. Note that this is the default with
Apple gcc 4.0.1, but for the FSF version it only became the default with gcc
4.2.0. You can control the libgcc used using the -mmacosx-version-min compiler
option, see gcc(1).

For libobjc, which objective-C programs will depend on, the default is to use
the headers and stub library in the SDK. So again your programs will use the
system lib. See -fgnu-runtime and -fnext-runtime in gcc(1).

Using the system libstdc++ isn't the default, but it can be done by
configuring gcc with --with-gxx-include-dir to specify the system C++ headers
and not building gcc's own libstdc++. The easiest way to avoid building
libstdc++ is to delete its directory from the gcc sources before configuring.

For this to work the version of gcc you are building must have the same C++
compiler ABI as the version the system libstdc++ was taken from. So far (i.e.
up to 4.2.0 at least) gcc's C++ ABI has stayed the same since version 3.4.0.

For example building FSF gcc 4.2.0:

prefix=/opt/mac
target=powerpc-apple-darwin8
targetprefix=/usr/local
PATH=$PATH:$prefix/bin
tar xjf gcc-4.2.0.tar.bz2
perl -pi -e "s|/usr/bin/libtool|$prefix/bin/$target-libtool|" gcc-4.2.0/gcc/config/darwin.h
perl -pi -e "s|-Wl,-install_name,..slibdir.|-Wl,-install_name,/usr/lib|" gcc-4.2.0/gcc/config/t-slibgcc-darwin
rm -r gcc-4.2.0/libstdc++-v3
mkdir build-gcc
cd build-gcc/
../gcc-4.2.0/configure --target=$target --prefix=$targetprefix \
--with-sysroot=$prefix/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk \
--with-gxx-include-dir=$prefix/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.0.0 \
--enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++ \
--enable-version-specific-runtime-libs \
--with-as=$prefix/bin/$target-as \
--with-ld=$prefix/bin/$target-ld
make

Then as root:

prefix=/opt/mac
target=powerpc-apple-darwin8
PATH=$PATH:$prefix/bin
make install prefix=$prefix
cd $prefix/lib/gcc/$target/4.2.0
ln ../../../../SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.0.4.dylib .
ln -s libstdc++.6.0.4.dylib libstdc++.6.dylib
ln -s libstdc++.6.0.4.dylib libstdc++.dylib

$targetprefix which is the location to which you will install any support libs
on the target Macs and $prefix is the location the compiler will be installed
to on the GNU/Linux machine. Alternatively you can make $targetprefix the same
as $prefix as you probably won't ship any support libs, and if you do you can
modify them with install_name_tool(1).

More Information
-----------------

Ronald S. Burkey site on cross compiling:
http://www.sandroid.org/imcross/

The crossgcc mailing list:
http://sources.redhat.com/ml/crossgcc/

Home of dmg2img:
http://vu1tur.eu.org/tools/

-------------------
Mike Wetherell 2007-2009
mweth at users.sf.net

2009-11-29 Michael Wetherell <mike.wetherell@ntlworld.com>

* odcctools-20090808.tar.bz2: upgraded odcctools, fixes problem
of produced programs not running on i386 OS X versions after 10.4.

2008-12-18 Kalle Kataja <kalle.kataja@meizo.com>

* readme.txt: instructions for converting the SDK dmg to an img
using dmg2img to allow it to be mounted on Linux.