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2012年 8月 5日 (日) 13:09:34 JST
Index: docs/articles/qntm.org/files/perl/perl.html diff -u docs/articles/qntm.org/files/perl/perl.html:1.1 docs/articles/qntm.org/files/perl/perl.html:1.2 --- docs/articles/qntm.org/files/perl/perl.html:1.1 Sun Aug 5 04:24:08 2012 +++ docs/articles/qntm.org/files/perl/perl.html Sun Aug 5 13:09:34 2012 @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - <title>Perl</title> + <title>2時間åŠã§å¦ã¶Perl</title> <style type="text/css"> body { @@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ <h3>スカラ変数</h3> -<p>A scalar variable can contain:</p> -<p class=original>スカラ変数ã¯ä»¥ä¸‹ã®ã‚‚ã®ã‚’æ ¼ç´ã§ãã¾ã™:</p> +<p class=original>A scalar variable can contain:</p> +<p>スカラ変数ã¯ä»¥ä¸‹ã®ã‚‚ã®ã‚’æ ¼ç´ã§ãã¾ã™:</p> <ul class=original> <li><tt>undef</tt> (corresponds to <tt>None</tt> in Python, <tt>null</tt> in PHP)</li> <li>a number (Perl does not distinguish between an integer and a float)</li> @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ <li>ä»–ã®å¤‰æ•°ã¸ã®ãƒªãƒ•ã‚¡ãƒ¬ãƒ³ã‚¹</li> </ul> -<pre class="perl"> +<pre class="perl original"> my $undef = undef; print $undef; # warning @@ -129,6 +129,15 @@ </pre> <pre class="perl"> +my $undef = undef; +print $undef; # warning + +# implicit undef: +my $undef2; +print $undef2; # ã¾ã£ãŸãåŒã˜warning +</pre> + +<pre class="perl"> my $num = 4040.5; print $num; # "4040.5" </pre> @@ -139,7 +148,7 @@ </pre> <p class=original>(References are coming up shortly.)</p> -<p>(リファレンスã¯å¾Œã§èª¬æ˜Žã™ã‚‹ã®ã§ç°¡å˜ã«)</p> +<p>(リファレンスã¯å¾Œã§èª¬æ˜Žã—ã¾ã™)</p> <p class=original>String concatenation using the <tt>.</tt> operator (same as PHP):</p> <p>æ–‡å—列ã®é€£çµã«ã¯<tt>.</tt>演算åを使ã„ã¾ã™(PHPã¨åŒã˜):</p> @@ -443,7 +452,7 @@ <p class=original>The same is true whether the fat comma is used or not:</p> <p>ファットカンマを使ã£ã¦ã„ã¦ã‚‚ã„ãªãã¦ã‚‚åŒã˜ã真ã§ã™:</p> -<pre class="perl"> +<pre class="perl original"> my %hash = ( "beer" => "good", "bananas" => ( @@ -463,8 +472,29 @@ print $hash{"bananas"}{"yellow"}; # error </pre> +<pre class="perl"> +my %hash = ( + "beer" => "good", + "bananas" => ( + "green" => "wait", + "yellow" => "eat", + ), +); + +# 上ã®ã‚³ãƒ¼ãƒ‰ã¯warningãŒå‡ºã¾ã™ã€‚ãƒãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥ãŒ7ã¤ã®è¦ç´ ã®ãƒªã‚¹ãƒˆã§å®£è¨€ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã‹ã‚‰ã§ã™ã€‚ + +print $hash{"beer"}; # "good" +print $hash{"bananas"}; # "green" +print $hash{"wait"}; # "yellow"; +print $hash{"eat"}; # undef, ãã®ãŸã‚ã€è¦å‘ŠãŒã§ã¾ã™ + +print $hash{"bananas"}{"green"}; # error +print $hash{"bananas"}{"yellow"}; # error +</pre> + + <p class=original>More on this shortly.</p> -<p>More on this shortly.</p> +<p>詳細ã¯å¾Œã»ã©ã€‚</p> <h2>コンテã‚スト</h2> @@ -556,15 +586,14 @@ <p>ã§ã™ãŒ, スカラ変数ã¯ã€é…列変数やãƒãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥å¤‰æ•°ã‚’å«ã‚€ã€ä»–ã®å¤‰æ•°ã¸ã®<i>リファレンス</i>ã‚’æŒã¦ã¾ã™ã€‚ã“ã‚ŒãŒã€Perlã§ã‚ˆã‚Šè¤‡é›‘ãªãƒ‡ãƒ¼ã‚¿æ§‹é€ を作る方法ã§ã™ã€‚</p> <p class=original>A reference is created using a backslash.</p> -<p>リファレンスã¯ãƒãƒƒã‚¯ã‚¹ãƒ©ãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥ã‚’使ã£ã¦ä½œã‚‰ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚/p> +<p>リファレンスã¯ãƒãƒƒã‚¯ã‚¹ãƒ©ãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥ã‚’使ã£ã¦ä½œã‚‰ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚</p> <pre class="perl"> my $colour = "Indigo"; my $scalarRef = \$colour; </pre> <p class=original>Any time you would use the name of a variable, you can instead just put some braces in, and, within the braces, put a <em>reference</em> to a variable instead.</p> -<p>ã„ã¤ã§ã‚‚ã€å¤‰æ•°ã®åå‰ã‚’使ãˆã¾ã™ã€‚代ã‚ã‚Šã«ãƒ–レースを置ã„ã¦ã€ãƒ–レース内ã«å¤‰æ•°ã¸ã®<em>リファレンス</em>ã‚’ç½®ãã¾ã™ã€‚ -</p> +<p>ã„ã¤ã§ã‚‚ã€å¤‰æ•°ã®åå‰ã‚’使ãˆã¾ã™ã€‚代ã‚ã‚Šã«ãƒ–レースを置ã„ã¦ã€ãƒ–レース内ã«å¤‰æ•°ã¸ã®<em>リファレンス</em>ã‚’ç½®ãã¾ã™ã€‚</p> <pre class="perl"> print $colour; # "Indigo" print $scalarRef; # e.g. "SCALAR(0x182c180)" @@ -579,7 +608,7 @@ </pre> <p class=original>If your reference is a reference to an array or hash variable, you can get data out of it using braces or using the more popular arrow operator, <tt>-></tt>:</p> -<p>リファレンスãŒé…列ã‹ãƒãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥å¤‰æ•°ã®ãƒªãƒ•ã‚¡ãƒ¬ãƒ³ã‚¹ã®å ´åˆã€ãƒ–レースã‹ã‚ˆã‚Šä¸€èˆ¬çš„ãªã‚¢ãƒãƒ¼æ¼”ç®—åã€<tt>-></tt>を使ã£ã¦ãƒ‡ãƒ¼ã‚¿ã‚’å–り出ã›ã¾ã™ã€‚:</p> +<p>リファレンスãŒé…列ã‹ãƒãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥å¤‰æ•°ã®ãƒªãƒ•ã‚¡ãƒ¬ãƒ³ã‚¹ã®å ´åˆã€ãƒ–レースã‹ã‚ˆã‚Šä¸€èˆ¬çš„ãªã‚¢ãƒãƒ¼æ¼”ç®—åã€<tt>-></tt>を使ã£ã¦ãƒ‡ãƒ¼ã‚¿ã‚’å–り出ã›ã¾ã™:</p> <pre class="perl"> my @colours = ("Red", "Orange", "Yellow", "Green", "Blue"); @@ -929,15 +958,16 @@ } </pre> -<p>Since a hash has no underlying order, the keys may be returned in any order. Use the <tt>sort</tt> built-in function to sort the array of keys alphabetically beforehand:</p> +<p class=original>Since a hash has no underlying order, the keys may be returned in any order. Use the <tt>sort</tt> built-in function to sort the array of keys alphabetically beforehand:</p> +<p>ãƒãƒƒã‚·ãƒ¥ã«ã¯é †ç•ªãŒã‚ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“ã®ã§ã€keysã¯ã©ã®ã‚ˆã†ãªé †ç•ªã§ã‚‚戻りã¾ã™ã€‚組込ã®<tt>sort</tt>関数を使ã£ã¦ã€ã‚¢ãƒ«ãƒ•ã‚¡ãƒ™ãƒƒãƒˆé †ã§ã‚ーã®é…列をソートã§ãã¾ã™:</p> <pre class="perl"> foreach my $key (sort keys %scientists) { print $key, ": ", $scientists{$key}; } </pre> -<p>There is also a special <tt>each</tt> built-in function which retrieves key/value pairs one at a time. Every time <tt>each</tt> is called, it returns an array containing two values, until the end of the array is reached, when a false value is returned. We assign the values of two scalars to the values of the array, simultaneously:</p> -<p class=original>特別ãªçµ„込関数<tt>each</tt>ã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šã€ã“ã‚Œã¯ã€ã‚ー/値ã®ãƒšã‚¢ã‚’一度ã«ã²ã¨ã¤å–り出ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚<tt>each</tt>ãŒå‘¼ã°ã‚Œã‚‹ãŸã³ã«ã€é…列ã®æœ€å¾Œã«è‡³ã‚‹ã¾ã§ã€å½ã®å€¤ãŒæˆ»ã‚‹ã¾ã§ã€2ã¤ã®å€¤ã‚’ã‚‚ã¤é…列を返ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚é…列ã®å€¤ã‚’2ã¤ã®ã‚¹ã‚«ãƒ©ã«ã€åŒæ™‚ã«å‰²ã‚Šå½“ã¦ã¾ã™:</p> +<p class=original>There is also a special <tt>each</tt> built-in function which retrieves key/value pairs one at a time. Every time <tt>each</tt> is called, it returns an array containing two values, until the end of the array is reached, when a false value is returned. We assign the values of two scalars to the values of the array, simultaneously:</p> +<p>特別ãªçµ„込関数<tt>each</tt>ã‚‚ã‚ã‚Šã€ã“ã‚Œã¯ã€ã‚ー/値ã®ãƒšã‚¢ã‚’一度ã«ã²ã¨ã¤å–り出ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚<tt>each</tt>ãŒå‘¼ã°ã‚Œã‚‹ãŸã³ã«ã€é…列ã®æœ€å¾Œã«è‡³ã‚‹ã¾ã§ã€å½ã®å€¤ãŒæˆ»ã‚‹ã¾ã§ã€2ã¤ã®å€¤ã‚’ã‚‚ã¤é…列を返ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚é…列ã®å€¤ã‚’2ã¤ã®ã‚¹ã‚«ãƒ©ã«ã€åŒæ™‚ã«å‰²ã‚Šå½“ã¦ã¾ã™:</p> <pre class="perl"> while( my ($key, $value) = each %scientists ) { @@ -1019,8 +1049,8 @@ print @stack; # "HankGraceEileenDeniseBobAlice" </pre> -<p><tt>pop</tt>, <tt>push</tt>, <tt>shift</tt> and <tt>unshift</tt> are all special cases of <tt>splice</tt>. <tt>splice</tt> removes and returns an array slice, replacing it with a different array slice:</p> -<p class=original><tt>pop</tt>ã€<tt>push</tt>〠<tt>shift</tt>ã€<tt>unshift</tt> ã¯ã€å…¨ã¦ã€<tt>splice</tt>ã®ç‰¹åˆ¥ãªã‚±ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã§ã™ã€‚<tt>splice</tt> ã¯ã€é…列ã®ã‚¹ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¹ã‚’削除ã—ã¦ã€è¿”ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚別ã®é…列スライスã§ãれを置ãæ›ãˆã¾ã™:</p> +<p class=original><tt>pop</tt>, <tt>push</tt>, <tt>shift</tt> and <tt>unshift</tt> are all special cases of <tt>splice</tt>. <tt>splice</tt> removes and returns an array slice, replacing it with a different array slice:</p> +<p><tt>pop</tt>ã€<tt>push</tt>〠<tt>shift</tt>ã€<tt>unshift</tt> ã¯ã€å…¨ã¦ã€<tt>splice</tt>ã®ç‰¹åˆ¥ãªã‚±ãƒ¼ã‚¹ã§ã™ã€‚<tt>splice</tt> ã¯ã€é…列ã®ã‚¹ãƒ©ã‚¤ã‚¹ã‚’削除ã—ã¦ã€è¿”ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚別ã®é…列スライスã§ãれを置ãæ›ãˆã¾ã™:</p> <pre class="perl"> print splice(@stack, 1, 4, "<<<", ">>>"); # "GraceEileenDeniseBob" print @stack; # "Hank<<<>>>Alice"
